| An ekiden is a long-distance relay
race run on an ordinary road. The single runner from each team
wears a cloth sash (tasuki) suspended from the shoulder
across the chest. The sash is passed from one teammate to the
next, like the baton in a regular relay. The ekiden relay,
and the name itself, have spread from Japan to different parts of
the world, including China, Kenya and Tanzania.
The first ekiden relay was
run in 1917, the 50th anniversary of the transfer of Japan's
capital from the ancient city of Kyoto to Tokyo. The anniversary
was celebrated with a large exposition and a number of events,
including one sponsored by the Yomiuri Shimbun
newspaper--an ekiden race from Kyoto to Tokyo, over a
distance of 508 km. Called the Tokaido Ekiden Toho Kyoso, the race
was divided into 23 stages. It lasted three days.
This new type of relay race was
named ekiden by the poet Toki Zemmaro (1885-1980), who was
head of the newspaper's Social Affairs Department at the time. Eki
means "station," while den means
"transmit." Ancient China and Japan had an elaborate
transportation and communication system using post stations (eki),
which were established at fixed intervals along major roads.
Horses carried people, important letters and various goods from
one station to the next. The 1917 ekiden was meant to bring
back the old days, using runners instead of horses. The race also
symbolized the new, energetic Japan, since the distance would be
covered in just three days, instead of the more than 20 days it
would take someone to walk.
Advertisements in the newspaper
attracted many hopeful competitors, and 46 were chosen. Two teams
were formed--23 students from Tokyo faced off against 23 teachers
and students from Aichi Prefecture. The three-day race was on,
continuing all night without a break, whipping up enthusiasm all
over Japan. When the runners got close to the goal in Tokyo, well
over a hundred thousand fans cheered them on.
Ekiden races are now held in
different parts of Japan every winter. The Tokyo-Hakone-Tokyo ekiden
(commonly known as Hakone Ekiden) has many university student
teams competing, and is a tremendously popular spectator sport
every New Year. As runners struggle to reach a waiting teammate to
pass on the sash, the excitement of the crowds that line the route
is clearly evident. The runners as individuals want to break a
record, of course, but they want even more to do their best for
the team. In this sense, we could perhaps say that the ekiden
is a truly Japanese sport.
|